Coûts et bénéfices dans les modèles mutualistes:le problème des marchés biologiques

Resumen

Cost and benefits in the mutualistics models: the biologival markets problem.

In this paper we consider mutualism and biological markets from an epistemological viewpoint. Dynamical population's models don't allow for the benefits and costs of mutualism. In his studies, Steven A. Frank considers these benefits and costs are expressed in the increasement or reduction of the growth rate of genotypes, extending this perspective to the population level. At the organism level, Keeler's models of costs and benefits posit a theoretical representation of plant-fungus interacting to some degree. However, biological markets seem more be more precisely expressed as the balance of trade. Classic economic theory shows that nations or firms can benefit from specializing in their production and trading with others. These models adequately describe the adaptation of mycorhizal fungi. Generally, mutualistic symbioses correspond more to these models than to facultative mutualisms (as mutualistic pollination).

Key words: Mutualism, mutualistic models, benefits, costs, biological markets, economic theory.