Mendelian genetics and postgenomics: The legacy for today

Garland E. Allen

Resumen


Genética y postgenética medelianas. La herencia para hoy


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Referencias


Sturtevant, A.H. (1965), History of Genetics New York: Harper & Row; in chapter 21 the author reviews the claims that the three rediscoverers were really independent, while several papers by Alain Corcos and Floyd Monaghan suggest that only Correns had really collected in his own experiments data that was really comparable to that which Mendel had obtained. See, Corcos, A. and Monaghan, F. (1985), “Role of de Vries in the recovery of Mendel’s work,” Journal of Heredity 76: 187-190; (1986), “Tschermmak: a non-discoverer of Mendelism I: An historical note,” Journal of Heredity 77: 468-469, and (1987), “Tscheremak: a non-discoverer of Mendelism II: A critique,” Journal of Heredity 78: 2-10. These various positions have been admirably summarized in Bowler, P. (1989), The Mendelian Revolution. The Emergence of Hereditarian Concepts in Modern Science and Society. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, especially chapter 1.

Bateson, W. (1902), Mendel’s Principles of Heredity: A Defense. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Letter from William Bateson to his wife, Beatrice, October 3, 1902, quoted inPaul, D. and Kimmelman, B. (1988), “Mendel in America: Theory and practice—1900-1919,” in Rainger, R., K. Benson and J. Maienschein (1988), The American Development of Biology. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, p. 283.

Allen, G. E. (1978), Thomas Hunt Morgan, the Man and his Science. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Orel, V. (1996), Gregor Mendel, the First Geneticist. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 40-41.

Orel, V. (1973), “The scientific milieu in Brno during the era of Mendel’sresearch,” Journal of Heredity 64: 314-318; see also Orel, V., Gregor Mendel, cit. n. 5, chapters 2-3.

Orel, V. (1972), “Mendel’s elder friar and teacher, Matthew Klácel (1808-1882),”Quarterly Review of Biology 47: 435-436.

Orel, V. and Wood, R. (2000), “Scientific animal breeding in Moravia beforeand after the rediscovery of Mendel’s theory,” Quarterly Review of Biology 75: 149-157.

Gärtner, F. (1849), Versuche und Beobachten über die Bastarderzeugung im Pflanzenreiche. K.F. Herring. Mendel’s copy of Gärtner’s book is housed in the library of the Mendelianum and contains notes in Mendel’s hand especially on sections dealing with experiments using the pea, Pisum sativum.

Mendel, G. (1866), Versuche über Pflanzen-Hybriden. Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereines, Brünn 4, pp. 67-111, quotation from p. 104. The passage reads: “Für die Entwicklungschichte der Pflanzen ist dieser Umstand von besonderer Wichtigkeit, weil constante Hybriden die Bedeutung neuer Arten erlangen.”

Olby, R. (1979), “Mendel no Mendelian?”, History of Science 17: 53-72.

Brannigan, A. (1979), “The reification of Mendel,” Social Studies of Science 9: 423-454.

Meijer, O. (1983), “The essence of Mendel’s discovery,” in Orel, V. and A.Matalova (eds), Gregor Mendel and the Foundation of Genetics. The Mendelianum of the Moravian Museum in Brno, pp. 123-178.

Monaghan, F. V. and Corcos, A. (1984), “On the origins of the Mendelianlaws,” Journal of Heredity 75: 67-69; and (1984), “The true Mendelian laws,” Ibid, pp. 321-323.

Coleman, W. (1970), “Bateson and chromosomes: Conservative thought inscience,” Centaurus 15: 228-314.

Mendel, G. (1960), Experiments in Plant-hybridisation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press: 41 pp.: p. 20.

Stern, C. and Sherwood, E. R. (1966), The Origin of Genetics. A Mendel Source Book. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman Co, p. 24.

Callender, L. A. (1988), “Gregor Mendel—an opponent of descent withmodification,” History of Science 26: 41-75.

Mendel, G. Versuche, cit. n. 14, p. 105. The original reads: “Diese Entwicklungerfolgt nach einem constanten Gesetze, welches in der materiellen Beschaffenheit und Anordnung der Elemente begründet ist, die in der Zelle zur lebesnfähigen Vereinigung gelangten.”

Pringsheim, N. (1855), “Über die Befruchtung und Keimung der Algen unddas Wesen des Zeugungaktes,” Monatsberichte der Königliche Preussiche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin 3: 1-33.

Allen, G. (2000), “The reception of Mendelism in the United States, 1900-1930,”Comptes Rendu Academie des Sciences, Paris. Sciences de la vie 323: 1081-1088.

On the industrialization of agriculture in twentieth century America, seeShannon, F. A., (1961), The Farmer’s Last Frontier. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, pp. 362-365, 366-367; and Kloppenberg, J. R. (1988), First the Seed. The Political Economy of Plant Biotechnology. New York: Cambridge University Press, especially chapters 2-4.

Wilson, J. (1910), “The new magazine has a place,” American Breeders’ Magazine 1: 3-5.

Punnett, R. (1911), Mendelism. New York: Macmillan.

Allen, G. (1978), Thomas Hunt Morgan, the Man and his Science. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Morgan, T. H., Sturtevant, A. H., Bridges, C. B. and Muller, H. J. (1915), The Mechanism of Mendelian Inheritance. New York: Henry Holt & Co.

Castle, W. E. (1919), “Piebald rats and the theory of genes,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 5: 126-130; quotation on p. 127.

East, E. M. (1912), “The Mendelian notation as a description of physiologicalfacts,” American Naturalist 46: 633-695.

Haldane, J. B. S. (1932), The Causes of Evolution. New York: Harper and Brothers, p. 57.

This quotation comes from Punnett, R. C. (ed.) (1928), Scientific Papers of William Bateson. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, Vol. 2, p. 1.

Bateson, W. (1902), Mendel’s Principles of Heredity: A Defense. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. Quoted from Lewontin, R. C. and Levins, R. (1985), The Dialectical Biologist. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University press, p. 180.

For a more detailed discussion of the mechanistic view of the gene, see Allen,

G. E. (2002), “The classical gene: Its nature and its legacy,” in Parker, L. S. and R. A. Ankeny (eds.), Mutating Concepts, Evolving Disciplines: Genetics, Medicine and Society. Dordrech, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 11-41.

Reilly, P. (1992), The Surgical Solution: A History of Involuntary Sterilization in the United States. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press; see also, Allen, G. E. (2002), “The ideology of elimination: American and German eugenics, 1900-1945,” in Nicosia, F. R. and J. Huener (eds.), Medicine and Medical Ethics in Nazi Germany: Origins, Practices, Legacies. New York: Berghahn Books, pp. 13-39.

For estimates of the rate of Ritalin prescription in children, see, Safer, D.J., Zito, J.M., Fine, E.M.(1996), “Increased methylphenidate usage for attention deficit disorder the 1996s,” Pediatrics 98: 1084-1088; and for the claims that it has a genetic basis, see Comings, D. E. (1996), The Gene Bomb. Does Higher Education and Advanced Technology Accelerate the Selection of Genes for Learning Disorders, ADHD, Addictive and Disruptive Behaviors? Duarte, California: Hope Press, especially chapter 11.


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